Burner



A. A. YOST Sept. 28 1926.

BURNER um.. v/.QANW A@ NW W ATTORNEY Rm MH.

Patented Sept. 28, 1926.

' UNITED 'STATES 1,601,096 PATENT oFFIcE.

ARTHUR .Al 'IOS'.I, 0F BOSTON', MASSACHUSETTS.

BURNER.

Application led November v11, 1925. Serial No. 68,347.

The invention to be hereinafter described relates to burners employing oil as a fuel.

In burners of this type the fuel oi1 ,is conducted to a delivery nozzle and atomizmg fluid, which may be air under pressure or steam, is conducted to the delivery nozzle ,and there meets, breaks up and promotes combustion of the fuel oil. Heretofore, considerable diiculty has been experienced in properly mixing the atomizing fluid and the fuel dil so `as to obtain the best results. One of the lpurposes of the present inven-' tion, therefore, is to provide means for efficiently mixing the atomizing fluid and the fuel-oil, and for producing a low pressure flame. Lv

VThe character of the invention may be best understood by reference to the following description of one good form thereof shown in the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section -through av burner embodying the invention;

. through' a portion of the barrel, the nozzle Fig. 2 on an enlarged scale is a perspective view of the rotary cup 'having the sets of vanes thereon; and

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section and the rotary cup.

Referring to the drawing, the burner shown therein as one good form of the invention is provided with a support 1, in the present instance in the form of a short sleeve 3 on a pipe section 5 on a pipe 7 adapted to conduct the atomizing fluid to the burner. To regulate the/,feed of the atomizing fluid, the pipe section 5 is provided with-a disk valve 9 on a shaft 11 having a handle 13, said shaft vbeing held in its different positions of adjustment` byf a coil springl encircling the shaft and confined between the -handlel and aside of the pipe section 5.

The support sleeve 3 receives a Juel oil burner or gun comprising a breech 17, a barrel 19 threaded to the breech, and a nozzle 21 threaded to the barrel. Projecting from the breech is a suitable handle 23 adapted -to Vbe grasped to thrust the gun into the sleeve 3, to firing position and to retract .it from said position. At the bottom of the breech is an opening 25 through which theatomizing fluid may pass from :the pipe section 5 into the breech. Thel breech has a port 27 adapted for communication with the pipe for conducting the fuel 'connected t-o the spider 3 1 referred to.

Aoil to the burner. A pipe 29 has one end threaded into a bore -in the rear end of the breech communicating with the port 27, and said pipe extends centrally through the4 barrel to the nozzle. Adjacent the forward end of the pipe 29 is a spider 31 cont ibuting to the support of the pipe 29 in t e barrel. The pipe is smaller than the barrel, and leaves an annular .passage 33 through which the atomizing fluid may pass to the nozzle.

A rotary cup 35 is mounted in the nozzle on the forward end portion of the-pipe 29, and to facilitate rotation ofl the cup it is providedwith ball bearings 37 having raceways 39 and 41 mounted in the cup and on the forward end portion of the pipe respecin the sleeve 3 and into the breech where it is .connected to a union 55 mounted 011- the .pipe 29. A small tube 57 has one end connected to the union and its opposite end A port 59 (Fig. 3) is adapted to conduct the lubricant from the tube to the ball bearings.

Threaded to the forward end of the fuel oilconducting pipe 29 is a head 63 (Fig. 3) having a downwardly directed port 65 for delivering the fuel oil to the inner surface 67 of the cup. The inner surface of the forward portion of the cup is tapered and flares outwardly.

"Mounted on and projecting outward from the cup into the space between the cup Aand the inner surface of the nozzle are a forward set of vanes 69 and a rearward set of vanes 71. Preferably these vanes almost reach and barely clear the innersurface of the nozzle. The vanes of both sets have substantial length, but 'the vanes of the rear set, in the present instance are shorter than the vanes of the front set. The vanes of the front set are inclined in respect to the axis of the rotary cup and have a slight longitudinal twist. They are disposed to cause the cup to` rotate in" a clockwise direction on passage of the atomizing fluid through the.

spaces between the vanes. The vanes ofthe v rear set are disposed in a different direction present instance of the invention, are inclined in respect to the axis of the rotary cup and in a direction opposite to that of the front set of vanes. set are so disposed that on passage of the atomizing fluid between them, they have a tendency to rotate the cup in a contra-clockwise direction, but since the vanes of the rear set are shorter than the vanes of the front set, they operate to reduce the speed of rotation of the cup. The resultant speed will depend upon the difference in the lengths of the vanes ofthe two sets or in the difference in the angles or sizes of the vanes of the two sets. The number, width and angle of the vanes may be varied, provided the construction is'such that they have the speed reduction effect required. The speed of rotation of the cup should be so controlled that the streams of atomizing fluid issuing from the spaces between the front vanes will whirl in a contra-clockwise direction.

Preferably the cup comprises a front section 73 and a rear section 75 threaded together so that they may be detachably connectedand admit vane sets of varying character to be assembledin cooperating relation. If it is desired to obtain a greater speed of rotation of the cup than had by the vanes shown, a cup section having vanes shorter thanthe vanes 71 may be substituted for the cup section 75. On the other hand, if it is desired to give the cup a slower speed of rotation than had4 by the vanes shown, a cup section having longer vanes than the vanes 71 may be substituted for the cup section 75.

In operation, the fuel oil will be conducted through the pipe .29 to thehead 63, and thence tothe inner surface of the rotary cup. The flare of the inner surface of the latter will cause the fuel oil to move outward to the delivery end of the cup, and the fuel 'oil will issue therefrom whirllng in a clockwise direction caused by the drag of the inner surface of the cup on the `lfueloil fflnd'the' urging of the fuel oil toward said surface by the influence of centrifugal force.VJ

The atomizing fluid will pass through the L annular'passage 33 in the gun through the spaces 4between the arms ofthe spider, and thence through the spaces between the vanes 71 df the rear set.I The atomizing fluid streams issuing from the spaces between the vanes 71 will be directed to the spaces between the vanes 69 of the front set with 'a whirl in a clockwise direction, \and theI streams of the tomizing uid issuing from the spaces -between the vanes of the front set the cup. As a consequence, the fuel oil will be thoroughly broken up or atomized, and

The vanes of the rear.

the atomizing Huid will be thoroughly mixed with the fuel-oil and insure eilicient combustion. The vanes 69 of the front set have substantial length sufficient to insure the direction and whirling 'of the atomizing fluid with contra-clockwise motion. The vanes of the rear set will retard the speed of rotation of the cup, and`will reduce the speed or -force of the flame so that the latter instead of being projected in a stream of short radius from 'the delivery end of the gun, will flare outwardly through aV large radius adjacent the delivery end of the gun.

' The low pressure, slow moving and-whirling flame thus produced, results in efficient combustion, and the character of the flame is such that it reaches a desirably large arca of and the nozzle, a set of vanes on and projccting out from the cup and inclined in rcspect to the axis of the cup for causing rotation of the cup on passage of the vatomizing fluid between said vanes, and a set of vanes on and projecting out from the cup for receiving the atomlzing fluid and arranged to r/etard the speed of rotation of the cup.

2. A burner for atomized liquid fuel coniprising, in combination,l a nozzle, a rotary cup inthe nozzle and spaced from the inner 'surface of the nozzle, means to deliver liquid fuel into the rota cup, means to deliver atomizing iiuidto t e space between the cup and the nozzle, two sets of vanes on and rojecting out from the cup and `adapte( to have the atomizing fluid, pass Ybetween the vanes of the sets, the vanes of one of the sets being disposed to be acted u n by the atomizing fluid and cause rotation ofthe cup, and the vanes of the other set being disposed to be actedvupon by`the atomizing `fluid and reduce the speed ofrotation of the cup obtainable by the first set of vanes.

3. A burner for atomized liquid fuel comprising, in combination, a nozzle, a rotary cup in the nozzle and spaced from the inner 4surface of the nozzle, means to deliver liquidfuel into the rotary cup, means to deliver atomizing fluid tothe space' between the cup and the nozzle, two hsets of vanes on and projecting out from the cup and adapted to be acted upon progressively by the atomizing fluid passing through the space Leonoee between the cup and the nozzle, the vanes of one of said sets being longer than the vanes of the, other set, that the cup ma f berotated by action of the Yatomizing uid on the longer vanes as reduced b the action of the atomizing fluid on the siorter vaines.

4. A burner for atomized liquid fuel eo1uprising, in combination, a nozzle, a rotary cup in the, nozzle and spaced from the inner surface of the nozzle, means to deliver liquid fuel into the rotary cup, means to deliver atomizing fluidto the space between the cup and the nozzle, and sets o'f vanes on and projecting out from the cu adapted to be acted upon by the atomizing uid passing through the space between the cup and the nozzle, the vanes of one of said sets being inclined to the axis of the cupfor causing rotation of the cup, and the vanes of theother set being inclined in a direction opposite to the inclination of the vanes of the lirst set to retard the speed of rotation of the cup.

5. A burner for atomized liquid fuel coniprising, in combination, a nozzle, a rotary cup in the nozzle and spaced from the inner surface of the nozzle, means to deliver liquid fuel into the rotary cup, means to de-.

liver atomizing fluid to the space between the cup and the,nozzle, two sets of vaues on land projecting out from the cupand adapted to be acted upon by the atomizing fluid passing through the space between` the cup and the nozzle, the vanes of one of said sets being disposed at an angle for causing rota'- tion of the cup, and the vanes of the other set being disposed at an angle to retard the speed of rotation of thev cup, the cup rotating vanes being disposed nearer the delivery end `of the nozzle than the retarding vanes.

6. A burner for atomized liquid fuel comprising, in combination, a nozzle, a rotary `cup in the nozzle and spaced from the inner adapted to be acted upon by the atomizing fluid passing through the space, between the cup and nozzle, ,one of said-sets of vanes being disposed to cause rotation of the cup and the other set of vanes being disposed to retard the speed of rotation of the cup, tlie retarding set of vanes being detachably secured to the cup.-

"7. A burner for atomizing li uid fuel comprisingin combination, a barrel aving a n0z`- zle, a fuel 'conducting pipe in the barrel and spaced from the inner surface of the latter to leave an. annular passage for conducting atomizing fluid, a rotary cup for receiving the liquid fuel from the pipe, and means for rotating the cup including two sets of vanes on the cup disposed in different `directions that one of said sets of vanes may reduce the speed of rotation ofthe cup caused by passage of the atomizing fluid between the vanes of the other set. 4 l

8. A burner for atomized liquid fuel comprising, in combination, a nozzle, a rotary cup in the nozzle having an outwardly flared delivery mouth, said cup being smaller than the nozzle to leave a passage between them,

andtwo sets of vanes on the cup and inu 4said passage to be acted upon progressively.

by the fluid, one of said sets of vanes `being disposed to promote rotation of the cup and the other set of vanes being disposed to retard the speed of rotation'of the cup.

ARTHUR A. YOST. 

